The mistrust was directed towards Prime Minister François Bayrou since he on Monday – due to lack of majority – forced through his budget proposal without a vote, a procedure described in article 49.3 of the French constitution.
This budget is an urgent step, said Bayrou to the National Assembly then.
The mistrust was put forward by the far left, but they failed to get the far right or the Socialist Party on board.
Only 128 members voted for the mistrust, far from the 289 votes required.
The budget proposal still needs to be approved by the Senate.
A second vote of no confidence, directed towards the government's financing plan for social security, is also on the National Assembly's agenda for Wednesday. It is also expected to fail.
The predecessor in the Prime Minister's post, Michel Barnier, fell in a vote of no confidence in December after just over three months in office.
Corrected: In an earlier version of the text, the wrong day was stated.
