The attack hit the school on Sunday morning and killed, among others, the head of Gaza's department for public works and housing, according to the health department.
According to Israel's military, Hamas fighters were the target, and the military claims that measures were taken to minimize the risk to civilians.
Schools in Gaza have been closed during the nearly year-long war, and the buildings have been converted into shelters for displaced Palestinians. Israel has repeatedly carried out deadly attacks on such school buildings, citing allegations that the premises are used to coordinate terrorist activities.
In the city of Deir al-Balah in central Gaza, two further attacks killed at least seven people on Sunday, reports AFP. The first attack hit a multi-family house, resulting in four deaths. Two of them were women. Later in the afternoon, at least three people were killed in another attack.