The measures apply to children under 15 years of age and mean, among other things, that social media platforms must introduce age-verification systems.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan must now approve the amendment within 15 days.
"We live in a time where some digital sharing apps are corrupting the minds of our children. Social media platforms have, to put it bluntly, become cesspools," he said in a televised speech this week.
Turkey is the latest in a series of countries, including Denmark and France, that have restricted or are in the process of restricting social media to protect children. The issue is also being discussed in Sweden.
