During his visit to Damascus, Macron will advocate "a free, pluralistic Syria that respects each of its components" that could play a role in easing tensions in the Middle East, according to a statement from his office.
The two countries' "bilateral relations" and issues of "common interest" are also on the agenda.
Macron, who was welcomed by Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani, is accompanied by a delegation of investors and other representatives of the French business community.
The French president met with Syria's interim president Ahmed al-Sharaa in Paris last year.
Macron leaves Syria on Tuesday.
