The statement comes after US President Donald Trump said that Washington would govern the country during a transition period.
"The Venezuelan government has power in our country, and no one else," Rodríguez said on Tuesday.
Former Vice President Rodríguez has given mixed signals about how much she is willing to cooperate with Trump.
Following the US attack on Venezuela, Rodríguez declared a week of national mourning for those killed, she said in a televised speech on Tuesday.
Venezuela and Cuba say at least 56 soldiers were killed in the attack. Venezuela's attorney general says "dozens" were killed, both civilians and military.
