The woman was arrested at Los Angeles airport as she was about to fly to Shanghai, China, prosecutors wrote on X.
She is suspected of spying on Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te's son and his family, including filming their homes and vehicles and then sending the information to China, according to the FBI.
Lai's office condemned the “barbaric acts.”
“Such behavior should not be tolerated in the civilized world,” a spokesperson for the office said in a statement.
China claims Taiwan, but Taiwan has been self-governing for several decades.
