Washington has previously imposed sanctions on Judge Alexandre de Moraes himself.
The new measures against his wife Viviane Barci de Moraes prevent her from participating in any form of economic activity involving American citizens or companies. She also has assets frozen and a revoked visa.
Brazil's Supreme Court sentenced Jair Bolsonaro to 27 years in prison on September 11 for attempting to stage a coup after he lost the 2022 election.
Bolsonaro's son, also a politician, Eduardo Bolsonaro has during the process against his father several times traveled to the USA to advocate for American sanctions against Brazilian judges. On Monday, formal charges were brought against him in Brazil for attempting to influence the trial.
He is said to have threatened representatives of the judiciary that he would "get sanctions from US authorities that would destroy their private lives" if his father was not acquitted, writes the prosecutor in his motivation.
US President Donald Trump has described the process against the allied Jair Bolsonaro as a "witch hunt", and he has also punished Brazil with record-high trade tariffs of 50 percent.
