The large aircraft, a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, took off from Latvia on Tuesday morning and flew for just over an hour to Vnukovo Airport, according to the website Flightradar.
The plane appears to have originally taken off from Joint Base Andrews military airport, which is located near the US capital, Washington, DC, data shows.
There is no information about who was on board or why the plane landed in Russia.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov says he has no information, and the White House does not want to comment on the flight.
