All 28 points in the US draft peace plan

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All 28 points in the US draft peace plan
Photo: Kateryna Klochko/AP/TT

The United States has put together a plan to end the war in Ukraine. The content has been criticized for more or less implying a Ukrainian capitulation. Here are the 28 points proposed, according to a draft seen by the news agencies AFP and AP.

1. Ukraine's sovereignty shall be confirmed.

2. A comprehensive non-aggression pact should be concluded between Russia, Ukraine and Europe. All ambiguities from the last 30 years should be considered resolved.

3. Russia is expected not to invade neighboring countries and NATO will not expand further.

4. Russia and NATO should initiate a dialogue, with the United States as mediator, to resolve all security issues and create conditions for de-escalation with the aim of ensuring global security and increasing opportunities for cooperation and future economic development.

5. Ukraine should receive reliable security guarantees.

6. The size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine shall be limited to 600,000 men.

7. Ukraine agrees to enshrine in its constitution that the country will not join NATO, and NATO includes in its charter a provision stating that Ukraine will not become a member in the future.

8. NATO agrees not to station forces in Ukraine.

9. European fighter jets to be stationed in Poland.

10. US guarantees:

The US receives compensation for acting as guarantor.

Ukraine loses the US as a guarantor if the country invades Russia.

If Russia invades Ukraine, all global sanctions should be reinstated, and recognition of (Russia's) new territory and all other benefits of this agreement should be revoked – in addition to a decisive and coordinated military response (against Russia).

If Ukraine fires a missile at Moscow or St. Petersburg without reason, the security guarantees will be null and void.

11. Ukraine is eligible for EU membership and receives short-term preferential access to the European market while the issue is being addressed.

12. A powerful global package of measures is being established to rebuild Ukraine, including but not limited to:

a. The creation of a Ukrainian development fund to invest in fast-growing industries, including technology, data centers, and artificial intelligence.

b. The United States shall cooperate with Ukraine to jointly rebuild, develop, modernize, and operate Ukraine's gas infrastructure, including pipelines and storage facilities.

c. Joint efforts in war-torn areas for the restoration, reconstruction and modernization of cities and residential areas.

d. Infrastructure development.

e. Extraction of minerals and natural resources.

f. The World Bank should develop a special financing package to accelerate these efforts.

13. Russia should be reintegrated into the global economy:

a. Lifting of sanctions shall be discussed and decided in stages and on a case-by-case basis.

b. The United States shall enter into a long-term economic cooperation agreement (with Russia) for mutual development in the areas of energy, natural resources, infrastructure, artificial intelligence, data centers, rare earth mining projects in the Arctic, and other mutually beneficial business opportunities.

c. Russia should be offered to rejoin the G8.

14. Frozen (Russian economic) funds shall be used as follows:

$100 billion in frozen Russian assets will be invested in US-led efforts to rebuild and invest in Ukraine. The US will receive 50 percent of the profits from this venture. Europe will add $100 billion to increase the amount of investment available for Ukraine’s reconstruction. Frozen European funds will be released. The rest of the frozen Russian funds will be invested in a separate US-Russian investment vehicle that will implement joint projects in specific areas. This fund will aim to strengthen relations and increase common interests to create a strong incentive to avoid new conflict.

15. A joint US-Russian working group on security issues is established to promote and ensure compliance with all provisions of this agreement.

16. Russia shall legislate on its non-aggression policy towards Europe and Ukraine.

17. The United States and Russia should agree to extend the validity of treaties on the non-proliferation and control of nuclear weapons, including the START 1 Treaty.

18. Ukraine agrees to be a non-nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

19. The Zaporizhia nuclear power plant is put into operation under the supervision of the IAEA, and the electricity produced will be divided equally between Russia and Ukraine – 50:50.

20. Both countries undertake to implement educational programs in schools and society aimed at promoting understanding and tolerance of different cultures and eliminating racism and prejudice:

a. Ukraine adopts EU rules on religious tolerance and protection of linguistic minorities.

b. Both countries agree to abolish all discriminatory measures and guarantee the rights of Ukrainian and Russian media and education.

c. All Nazi ideology and activities must be rejected and banned.

21. Territories:

a. Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk should be recognized as de facto Russian, including by the United States.

b. Kherson and Zaporizhia are to be frozen along the contact line, which means a de facto recognition along the contact line.

c. Russia shall vacate other agreed territories that it controls outside the five regions.

d. Ukrainian forces shall withdraw from the parts of the Donetsk region that they currently control, and this zone of withdrawal shall be considered a neutral demilitarized buffer zone, internationally recognized as territory belonging to Russia. Russian forces shall not enter this demilitarized zone.

22. Having agreed on future territorial arrangements, both the Russian Federation and Ukraine undertake not to change these arrangements by force. Any security guarantees shall not apply in the event of a breach of this undertaking.

23. Russia will not prevent Ukraine from using the Dnieper River for commercial activities, and agreements will be reached on the free transport of grain across the Black Sea.

24. A humanitarian committee will be established to resolve outstanding issues:

a. All remaining prisoners and bodies will be exchanged on an "all for all" basis.

b. All civilian prisoners and hostages will be returned, including children.

c. A family reunification program will be implemented.

d. Measures will be taken to alleviate the suffering of the victims of the conflict.

25. Ukraine is to hold elections within 100 days.

26. All parties involved in this conflict shall be granted full amnesty for their actions during the war and shall agree not to make any claims or raise any grievances in the future.

27. This agreement shall be legally binding. Its implementation shall be monitored and guaranteed by a peace council, chaired by President Donald J. Trump. Sanctions shall be imposed for violations.

28. Once all parties have approved this memorandum, the ceasefire will come into effect immediately after both sides have withdrawn to agreed locations to begin implementation of the agreement.

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