Ahead of the demonstration, the authorities had ordered the closure of a square in the city's central area and deployed riot police with water cannons, Turkish media reported.
On Thursday, party leader Özgür Özel and the leadership of the CHP were removed from their positions in a court decision that many consider politically motivated.
This past weekend, police stormed the party's headquarters in Ankara.
The offensive against the CHP began in earnest with the imprisonment of Istanbul mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, Erdogan's main political rival and the party's presidential candidate.
Corrected: An earlier version of the text stated an incorrect location for the demonstration.
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