Gosling and Marvel boss Kevin Feige confirmed the casting during Saturday's Comic Con in San Diego.
The film is expected to premiere in 2028 and will be directed by Shawn Levy, who worked with Gosling on "Star Wars: Starfighter," which premieres next spring.
Nicolas Cage previously starred in the Sony-produced films "Ghost Rider" and "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance," before Marvel regained the rights.
