Fico arrived in Russia for a "working visit" and met with Putin on Sunday evening, according to the Kremlin's spokesperson Dmitrij Peskov, as reported by the Russian state news agency Ria. Peskov states that the talks would focus on "the international situation" and the delivery of Russian natural gas.
Fico is one of the few European leaders who still have a friendly attitude towards Putin, after the war of aggression in Ukraine.
Slovakia is a member of both NATO and the EU, and the meeting had not been announced beforehand.
The Slovak government is often described as Russia-friendly and populist, and the country's president Peter Pellegrini stated in December that Ukraine must be prepared to lose parts of its territory in order to achieve peace.