Anna Plantin, 25, was freed with a deep pass in the 86th minute and found the net with her first touch after a questionable outing from Rosengård's goalkeeper Samantha Leshnak Murphy.
I thought I would go in and press them down, so it was just a matter of going straight at her (the goalkeeper) and then it went in, she says in the victory interview afterwards.
Rosengård's Jo-Anne Cronquist got a chance to equalize when she became clean in front of the goal in the 90th minute, but shot wide.
Malmö FF are newcomers in this year's Damallsvenskan and are, with the win, in a shared first place in the table.
The reigning champions Rosengård are currently in seventh place.