The Italian Antonelli leads the overall standings in style, but he failed to secure the World Championship title on Sunday.
For that to happen, Lewis Hamilton needed to finish outside the top four and George Russell outside the top eight. Hamilton finished fourth and Russell eighth.
Antonelli remained unchallenged after taking the lead on lap 32. Further back, Charles Leclerc, Max Verstappen and Hamilton fought for the remaining podium places, crossing the finish line in that order.
After securing pole position in Saturday's qualifying, Antonelli got a good start but was passed by Leclerc.
Verstappen started on soft tyres and pitted on lap 14. Antonelli, who started on medium tyres, pitted on lap 25 to switch to hard tyres, allowing him to complete the race with just one pit stop.
Verstappen briefly led the race but struggled with several problems. He complained of understeer, described the car as “undriveable” and expressed dissatisfaction with the team’s strategy.
The four-time world champion pitted again on lap 32, having lost time on his soft tyres. Shortly afterwards, Antonelli overtook Leclerc to retake the lead, and from then on there was no doubt that the Italian would secure another victory.
The 20-year-old's next chance to become the youngest world champion in history comes next weekend in Mexico.
Sunday's victory was his ninth this season, and Antonelli now only needs to finish better than ninth in Mexico to take home the World Championship title.
