This is a countermeasure against the countries that last autumn filed a lawsuit against Iran for the downing of a Ukrainian civilian plane in 2020, in which 176 people died, including 17 from Sweden.
The application from Iran concerns the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)'s decision from March. The organization then established that it had jurisdiction in the matter and accused Iran of "using weapons against civilian aircraft during flight". Iran now wants the International Court of Justice in The Hague (ICJ) to decide that the organization has no jurisdiction in the matter and that the decision is revoked.
On the plane, there were people from the four countries that sued Iran. The plane PS752 was mistakenly shot down by Iranian air defense on January 8, 2020, shortly after taking off from Tehran.