Eleven people have been arrested.
The investigation was launched after 14 minors disappeared from a youth home on the islands of Lanzarote and Gran Canaria, according to a statement from the Spanish police.
The suspects, who are said to be part of a "well-organized network", are accused of, among other things, document forgery, child abduction, participation in a criminal organization and child pornography crimes.
Police are still searching for the missing minors.
Over 47,000 migrants arrived in the Canary Islands last year, a record number for the second year in a row.
