The objects were loaned in 2011 for an exhibition in Paris, but then remained there after diplomatic relations were broken under the rule of then-dictator Bashar al-Assad.
The collection includes Roman bronzes, Byzantine and Islamic objects. Syria describes the return as the first international collaboration in the country's efforts to bring back cultural objects from abroad after the fall of Bashar al-Assad in 2024.
The objects were flown to Damascus on Tuesday aboard President Emmanuel Macron's plane and have now been handed over to the Syrian National Museum.
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