"I leave with peace of mind because I know I really gave it my all," says the 35-year-old team captain in an emotional video.
Rodríguez had his big break at the World Cup in Brazil 12 years ago, finishing as top scorer with six goals as Colombia reached the quarter-finals for the first time.
After his success there, he moved to Real Madrid, a club he belonged to until 2020.
James Rodríguez played his third and final World Cup this summer. He now plays for Colombian club Atlético Nacional.
