The Swedish racial ideological environment is no longer shaped only by organized groups, but also by a right-wing extremist youth culture, writes Expo in the annual report for 2025.
"What we can see and are told by teachers, school staff and local situation reports is that there is a tendency right now where young men in particular are embracing these ideas in a very open way," says Daniel Poohl, CEO of Expo.
"People cheer on the schoolyard, spread open anti-Semitism on social media, and are being shaped by these ideas. This has been made possible primarily by the extensive spread of such material online."
Algorithms
A review by Fortune magazine has shown how changes to the algorithms at Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, has had a direct impact on the spread of anti-Semitism, primarily on Instagram.
"It is possible to infer decisions made by Meta's board from the fact that young people today encounter primarily anti-Semitism, but also right-wing extremist material, at levels that we have not seen before," says Poohl.
Even on platforms like TikTok, extreme material can be widely disseminated. Expo highlights, among other things, a trend that emerged in late 2025, where young people began sharing images and videos from everyday contexts with the slogan "Hate Jews – love brides!".
Another phenomenon is clips with so-called "Agartha edits", which spread the idea of a mythological kingdom reserved for white people. In one clip that has been circulated, Agartha's gatekeeper is Norwegian football star Erling Haaland.
Security risk
The fact that these ideas are normalized and gain traction means great potential for the organized racial ideological environment in Sweden, such as the Nordic Resistance Movement and Aktivklubb Sverige, says Daniel Poohl.
"But even if they are not absorbed by established groups, they may want to make these fantasies a reality, and we see this in various contexts. It is a security risk, and a risk to the local communities where these people are."
In 2025, Expo documented 1,465 activities in the racial ideological environment. These included propaganda dissemination, study circles, social activities and martial arts training. The number of activities was higher than in 2024, but the mobilization capacity remains at a significantly lower level than during the environment's most active years in the 2010s.
The main explanation for the increased number of activities is the emergence of Aktivklubb Sverige, which is the fastest growing group. The Nordic Resistance Movement, NMR, noted its lowest level of activity in ten years.
The racial ideological environment is becoming increasingly fragmented. In 2025, activism from 31 different actors was documented, which is the highest number since measurements began.
International issues, especially Donald Trump's policies and the war in Ukraine, are creating deep contradictions within the environment.
Source: Expo Foundation's annual report for 2025
