Uribe was operated on several times and received intensive care after being shot when he spoke in a park in Colombia's capital Bogotá.
The 39-year-old senator for the right-wing party Centro Democrático had previously announced that he is running in next year's presidential election.
Six people linked to the attack have been arrested, including a 15-year-old who is suspected of being the shooter. The authorities point out that a splinter faction from the dissolved Farc guerrilla may be behind the attack.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio writes on X that "the US stands in solidarity with his family and the Colombian people, both in grief and in demand for justice for those responsible".
