Ramagem, 53, a former politician, police chief and intelligence chief in Brazil, was sentenced to 16 years in prison in September for his role in former President Jair Bolsonaro's attempted coup. He fled the country to the United States after the verdict.
According to a statement from Brazilian police, the arrest a few months later was the result of international police cooperation.
US President Donald Trump has repeatedly expressed his support for Bolsonaro, who is serving a 27-year prison sentence.
In a live broadcast in November with a Brazilian far-right influencer, Ramagem claimed that the Trump administration had approved his presence in the United States, The Guardian reported.
