The situation occurred in the La Liga match between Levante and Atlético Madrid on Saturday.
Sørloth tried to clear a corner but collided head-on with opponent Matias Moreno. Both players were left lying on the pitch for several minutes before they were substituted.
"The player has been taken to hospital to undergo various examinations," Atlético Madrid wrote on X.
30-year-old Sørloth forms a feared attacking duo in the Norwegian national team with star Erling Haaland.
In 68 international matches, Sørloth has scored 26 goals and, if injury-free, is expected to be a key player for Norway in this year's World Cup.
