The Spanish tennis star won two Grand Slam tournaments last year, the French Championships and the US Open, and also won the year's first major title at the Australian Championships.
Now, however, it looks like Alcaraz, 22, will miss the French Championships due to a wrist injury.
"I'd rather come back later and in good shape than come back early," he says.
In addition to Alcaraz and Duplantis, Italian tennis player Jannik Sinner, footballer Ousmane Dembélé (France), motorcycle racer Marc Marquez (Spain), and Slovenian cyclist Tadej Pogacar were nominated.
Belarusian tennis player Aryna Sabalenka was named female athlete of the year while Paris SG was named team of the year.
