Around 1,500 people had gathered for a demonstration for tougher migration laws. The police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowd, where many threw stones and bottles at the authorities.
In images from the events, black-clad and masked individuals can be seen throwing stones while a man makes a victory gesture in front of the burning police car.
There are no reports of personal injuries and the police have arrested an unspecified number of people.
The violence was also directed at premises belonging to the left-liberal party D66.
"If you think you can scare us, you are wrong. We will never let our fantastic country be taken from us by extreme thugs", writes D66's party leader Rob Jetten, in a post on X.
The riots occurred shortly before the election to be held in the Netherlands on October 29, following the far-right leader Geert Wilders' decision to leave the government coalition.
