In a statement on the prestigious university's website, Armstrong writes that she is proud to have led Columbia during a "critical and challenging time" but that science and medicine are her heart issues and that she has therefore decided to return to her previous role as head of the university's medical faculty.
The administration of President Donald Trump withdrew its support on March 7 and accused the university management of "passivity in the face of persistent harassment of Jewish students".
Columbia University, which is one of the most venerable universities in the USA, came under fire last spring in connection with student protests against Israel during the war in Gaza.
Students held daily demonstrations and set up a tent camp in an attempt to get the university to stop collaborating with companies that have ties to the Israeli government.