Uribe has been accused of links to paramilitary right-wing groups and the indictment concerned, among other things, suspicions that he bribed imprisoned militia members to withdraw their testimonies about him.
Judge Sandra Heredia's sentence on Friday comes three days after a court found the 73-year-old Uribe guilty. It is also the first time a former Colombian president has been convicted of a crime.
Uribe denies the crime, sees the accusations as "politically motivated" and is expected to appeal the verdict.
The judge also prohibited Uribe in his decision on Friday from holding a public office for eight years.
Uribe, who led the country from 2002 to 2010, is still a popular right-wing politician who during his time in power conducted a military operation against the Farc guerrilla, which his successor Juan Manuel Santos later signed a peace agreement with.
The investigation against Uribe began in 2018 and has taken many political turns, with several former justice ministers having tried to drop the case. The accusations gained new momentum under Justice Minister Luz Camargo, who was appointed by the current left-wing president Gustavo Petro.
